
The hallmark row
Why the oldest living certification mark is struck with a punch, not printed.
One punch of the four · vouched
certification marks, hallmarks and standards: the sign that vouches for quality
The seal

Why the oldest living certification mark is struck with a punch, not printed.

How the modern certification mark was invented: a levy, a competition and a symbol.

What a certification label buys you at the shelf, and who it pays at the farm.